First ONES

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First photograph of Earth from orbit : Explorer 6

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7 August 1959 Explorer 6 Mission type Earth science Operator NASA Harvard designation 1959 Delta 1 COSPAR ID 1959-004A SATCAT  no. 15 Mission duration 60 days Spacecraft properties Manufacturer Jet Propulsion Laboratory TRW Launch mass 64.4 kilograms (142 lb) Start of mission Launch date August 7, 1959, 14:24:20 UTC Rocket Thor DM-18 Able III Launch site Cape Canaveral  LC-17A End of mission Last contact October 6, 1959 Decay date July 1, 1961 Orbital parameters Reference system Geocentric Regime Highly elliptical Semi-major axis 7,870.7 kilometers (4,890.6 mi) Eccentricity 0.7588469982147217 Perigee 237 kilometers (147 mi) Apogee 41,900 kilometers (26,000 mi) Inclination 47.0 degress Period 754 minutes RAAN 49.68 degrees Argument of perigee 47.26 degrees Mean anomaly 341.89 degrees Mean motion 1.89 Epoch 29 September 1959 15:00:37 UTC Revolution  no. 100 Explorer...
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First human-crewed orbital flight in USSR's Vostok 1:Who and When?

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Yuri Gagarin in Sweden Vostok 1 (Russian: Восто́к, East or Orient 1) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first manned spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 12, 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to cross into outer space. The orbital spaceflight consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at 169 kilometers (91 nautical miles) at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin parachuted to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at 7 km (23,000 ft) altitude. In Politics The Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States, the two Cold War superpowers, began just before the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, in 1957. Both countries wanted to develop spaceflight technology quickly, particularly by launching the first succes...
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First try to launch probe Mars which failed to reach target. Who and How?

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Mars 1M Mars 1M spacecraft Mars 1M was a series of two unmanned spacecraft which were used in the first Soviet missions to explore Mars. They were the earliest missions of the Mars program. The Western media dubbed the spacecraft "Marsnik", a portmanteau of Mars and Sputnik. Spacecraft Mars 1M No.1 , known in the west as Marsnik 1, Mars 1960A and Korabl 4, was destroyed in a launch failure on October 10, 1960. In 1962, NASA Administrator James E. Webb informed the United States Congress that NASA believed the mission was an attempt at a Mars flyby probe. Some Soviet scientists involved with the program at that time claim no knowledge of this mission, stating that only the second launch was an intended Mars mission. However, V. G. Perminov, the leading designer of planetary spacecraft at the Lavochkin design bureau, states that this mission was indeed intended for Mars and was identical to the later mission. Mars 1M No.2 , known in the west as Marsni...
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